English For Economy (an english paper)

ESP

ENGLISH FOR ECONOMY

By : Rahmat Satria

TAMAN SISWA TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

BIMA

2013/2014

PREFACE

The writer would like to deliver her deeply thanks to Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad that gave health and strength to us and our family that we could arrange this paper is well. The paper title is “Relationship between language and society” was expressly we arrange as a pilot book for knowledge about the Relationship between language and society and learning all about sociolinguistic.

Of course all statement of content this paper has advantages and disadvantages, so that we hope comment and suggestion from reader for perfection content of this paper and as pilot for us, until we can arranging the paper is perfectly in the future.

Bima, march 17^th 2014

The Writer

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.      Background Of The Study

Financial crisis that hit everywhere , not least in our beloved country . The world economists are busy looking for their causes and make every effort to recover the economy in their respective countries . The economic crisis has caused a lot of losses ,
rising unemployment , rising crime, and so on . Capitalist economic system with a system of interest is suspected as the cause of the crisis . Islamic economic system began ogled as an alternative option , and expected to answer the challenges of the world in the future

This book is intended primarily for the students of cycle I who study English for economic purposes and for all the others who are interested to study business in Englishand such aspects of economic realities as management, marketing, accounting, finance,etc. This book also presents some historical data on the money and banking industrydevelopment, the accounting origin and others.As this is a language course we can give only a general view of the economicsectors, we do recommend those ones interested in enhancing the sectorial knowledgeto consult the books on the reference list.We wish to express a great deal of appreciation to all the teachers at the Chair of Applied Modern Languages who have supported us in publishing this book.

CHAPTER II

ENGLISH FOR ECONOMY

Economy is the science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth, in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object

Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed. By wealth

we mean anything of value, including the products produced and sold by business. "Howwealth is distributed" simply means "who gets what."

There are four types of economic systems:

1.      Traditional economy 

Traditional economy is one in which economic behaviour is basedprimarily on tradition, custom and habit.

2.      Command/planned economy 

Planned economy is one in which some central authority or state determines economic behaviour.

3.      Market economy 

Market economy is one in which markets play a dominant role in takingeconomic decisions process.

4.      Mixed economy 

Mixed economy is one in which both free markets and governments havesignificant effects on the allocation of resources and the distribution of income.

Perhaps the most important characteristic of American business is the freedom of individuals to start a business, to work for a business, to buy or sell ownership shares ina business, and to sell a business outright. Within certain limits imposed mainly to ensurepublic safety, the owners of a business can produce any legal product or service theychoose and sell it at any price they set. This system of business, in which individualsdecide what to produce, how to produce it, and at what price to sell it, is called freeenterprise. It is rooted in the traditional and constitutional right to own property.

The American system of free enterprise ensures, for example, the right of WaltDisney to start an entertainment company, to hire an assortment of artists, and toexperiment in developing theme parks. Their system gives the current executives atDisney and its shareholders the right to make a profit from the company's success, it gives Disney's management the right to compete with 20th Century Fox, and it givesmovie-goers the right to choose between films produced by the two companies andmany others. Competition like that between Disney and 20th Century Fox is a necessaryand extremely important by-product of free enterprise. Because many individuals andgroups can open businesses, there are sure to be a number of firms offering similar products. But a potential customer may want only one such product—say, a JeepCherokee or a Chevrolet S-10 Blazer—and not be interested in purchasing both. Each of the firms offering similar products must therefore try to convince the potential customer tobuy its product rather than a similar item made by someone else. In other words, thesefirms must compete with each other for sales. Business competition, then, is essentiallya rivalry among businesses for sales to potential customers. In free enterprise,competition works to ensure the efficient and effective operation of American business.Competition also ensures that a firm will survive only if it serves its customers well.Several airlines, for example, have failed because they were unable to serve customersas efficiently and effectively as their competitors did.

1.      Economy

Born economics as a scientific discipline in the course of production and consumption activities . The economy is a human activity to meet their needs , so that then arises of economic motives , namely a person's desire to meet the needs .
Economic principles are the steps taken by humans to meet their needs with a certain sacrifice , to obtain maximum results . Economic systems used in different countries there are different kinds , including :

Economic systems Capitalist

Capitalist economic principles are :

- Freedom has a treasure in persendirian .

- Economic freedom and free competition .

- Economic inequality .

Communist Economic System

Communist economic principles are :

- Property rights over the means of production by the state .
- The process of running the economy on the basis of plans that have been made ​​.
- Economic planning as planned / in the economic process to be followed .
Socialist Economic System

Socialist economic principles are :

 property rights over the means of production by cooperatives unions , legal entities and other community .- Government control of the tools are vital products .
 economic processes running on the basis of market mechanisms .-
- economic planning as the influence and driving with a business suit the needs of the individual with the needs of the community

2.      Bussines

Bussines is the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, thegoods and services that satisfy society's needs. The general term  business refers to allsuch efforts within a society (as in "American business") or within an industry (as in "thesteel business"). However, a business is a particular organization, such as AmericanAirlines, Inc., or Sunnyside Country Store & Gas Pumps, Inc. No person or group of persons actually organized American business as we know it today. Rather, over the years individuals have organized their own particular businesses or their own particular reasons. All these individual businesses, and all the interactions between these businesses and their customers, have given rise to what we callAmerican business.

A person who risks his or her time, effort, and money to start and operate abusiness is called an entrepreneur. To organize a business, an entrepreneur mustcombine four kinds of resources: material, human, financial, and informational. Material  resources include the raw materials used in manufacturing processes, as well asbuildings and machinery. Human resources are the people who furnish their labour to thebusiness in return for wages. The financial resource is the money required to payemployees, purchase materials, and generally keep the business operating. And information is the resource that tells the managers of the business how effectively theother resources are being combined and utilized.

Businesses are generally of three types.

1)      Manufacturing businesses (or  manufacturers)

are organized to process various materials into tangible goods, such asdelivery trucks or towels. Service businesses produce services, such as haircuts or legal advice. And some firms called

2)      middlemen

are organized to buy the goodsproduced by manufacturers and then resell them. For example, the General ElectricCompany is a manufacturer that produces clock radios. These products may be sold to aretailing middleman, which then resells them to consumers in its retail stores.

3)      Consumers are individuals who purchase goods or services for their own personal userather than to resell them.

All three types of businesses may sell either to other firms or to consumers. In bothcases, the ultimate objective of every firm must be to satisfy the needs of its customers.People generally don't buy goods and services simply to own them; they buy products tosatisfy particular needs. People rarely buy an automobile solely to store it in a garage;they do, however, buy automobiles to satisfy their need for transportation. Some of usmay feel that this need is best satisfied by an air-conditioned BMW with stereo cassetteplayer, automatic transmission, power seats and windows, and remote-control sidemirrors. Others may believe that a Ford Taurus with a stick shift and an AM radio will do just fine. Both products are available to those who want them, along with a wide varietyof other products that satisfy the need for transportation.

3.      Islamic Economy

A.       Islamic economy system

Islamic economic system has fundamental differences with other economic systems , where the Islamic economic system there is a moral and religious values ​​in every activity .

Islamic economic principles are :

- Freedom of the individual .

- The right to property .

- Social similarity .

- Social Safety .

- Prohibition accumulate wealth .

- The prohibition against anti - social institutions .

- Virtue individual in society .

B.     The concept of Islamic Economics

Islam took the best rule between these two extreme views ( capitalist and communist ) and try to establish a balance between the two ( material and spiritual ) . The success of the Islamic economic system depends on the extent to which adjustments can be made ​​between material needs and spiritual needs / needed human ethics . Islam is a source of economic guidance of the Qur'an and Sunnah Rasul , namely in :
 Qs.al - Ahzab : 72 ( Humans as being bearers of God's message ) .-
 Qs.Hud : 61 ( For prosperity of life on earth ) .-

 Qs.al - Baqarah : 30 ( On the position of honor as the vicegerent of Allah on earth ) .-
The things that are not expressly provided for in the second source of Islamic teachings were acquired its provisions by way of ijtihad .

C.     Basics of Islamic Economy

Islamic teachings provide basic instructions with regard to the economic problems . Among them :

1 . Goods and services

 Goods and services produced in the Islamic economy is based on the fundamental principle in muamalah . Namely : what are allowed , except those prohibited . This means that goods and services produced goods and services should be lawful and not forbidden . As for the types of goods traded illicit include:

a. Sell ​​or buy a dog unless the dog hunters.

b . Carrion , blood , pork and beef animals slaughtered in the name of other than Allah .

c . Khamar and the like .

2 . Attention to employees

                Relationship between employers and employees set the system of relationships based on respect for the dignity of man as a noble creature gods , therefore always set preformance employment eturan healthy relationship and mutual respect .
Labor is placed not only as a means of production limits , but are placed and valued as a human being , therefore , laid out in a fair remuneration system based on its experience and capabilities so that the workers can plan with clear and spur them to work to catch his performance .

In terms of this wage labor rights considered seriously by employers , even those rights can be granted without delay . Granting rights to a fair and humane employees will have an impact on the productivity of their work , otherwise disregard for the rights of workers spawned inevesiensi which could hurt the company such as strikes and so on .

Similarly in the case of liability of the workers , islam teaches to do their job well and full responsibility for the smooth progress of the company and , because of the obligation to work to meet the needs of not only material needs , but also the duty to live as human beings , as well as the task of devotion ( worship ) to God .

3 . distribution system

Distribution of goods and services according to the teachings of Islam should  to immediately smooth to the hands of consumers , and there is no disadvantage because it  aspects in the distribution of goods and services is emphasized . Efforts that could harm consumers , especially playing in prices due to irregular distribution should be kept away . Monopoly and oligopoly in the economy is not in accordance with Islamic ajaranm , because monopoly sector will bear the economic domination by the majority society who have big capital alone can thus be a gap between big business and small entrepreneurs . Competition , which is unhealthy and ultimately hurt many people . Islam teaches justice and economic equality and a level playing field , so everyone can get the results of operations as they try . This requires a healthy business climate also through regulation and market mechanisms , which can ensure the creation of economic justice .


4 . Satisfaction of both parties

Buying and selling the concept of Islam based on the preferences both parties to buy and sell so that there is no feeling of regret after the sale takes place . Buying and selling da ; lam circumstances forced or imposed by one party , either the buyer or the seller , not the manner in accordance with the teachings of Islam . Therefore unauthorized trading under threat , fear and compulsion . Aspects of mutual benefit and bless each other is the main characteristic of the Islamic concept , because it's the things that interfere with the second aspect of the above is extremely important in order to avoid the purchase of disappointment and loss.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed. By wealth

we mean anything of value, including the products produced and sold by business. "Howwealth is distributed" simply means "who gets what."

Economy as one of the joints that are important to human life , by the Qur'an has been arranged in such a way . Riba is expressly been forbidden because it is one source of the world economy lability . The Qur'an describes it as one that can not stand upright but it swayed like a person who possessed Shaytan .

Bussines is the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, thegoods and services that satisfy society's needs.

The most important thing of all is that we should be able to restore the original function of money as a medium of exchange / sale . Treat money as a commodity by way of charging interest is a great sin , and those who continue to take God's prohibition of usury after arriving , threatened to be put into hell ( Qs.al - Baqarah : 275 ) . Establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia is one example of a challenge to prove an opinion that the conception of Islam in the monetary field can be an alternative concept .