RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Submitted to fullfil assignment of
Mr.
Sholihin M.Hum
By Group I :
1.
Rahmat
Satria
2.
Juraihan
3.
Ramlah
A. Wahab
4.
Rika
Permatasari
TAMAN SISWA TEACHER TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM
BIMA
2013/2014
PREFACE
The writer would
like to deliver her deeply thanks to Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad that gave
health and strength to us and our family that we could arrange this paper is
well. The paper title is “Relationship
between language and society” was expressly we arrange as a pilot book for
knowledge about the Relationship between language and society and learning all
about sociolinguistic.
Of course all
statement of content this paper has advantages and disadvantages, so that we
hope comment and suggestion from reader for perfection content of this paper
and as pilot for us, until we can arranging the paper is perfectly in the
future.
Bima,
march 17th 2014
The Writer
ABSTRAC
Abstract.
Human is social creature that can’t live individually, rather they have to
interact with their peers. So that the human used language for talk and
interact. Language is sound sign system is arbitrer was used for work same,
interact, and self identification. Sociolinguistic is linguistic branch was
examine relationship between language and society. Generally sociolinguistic
has discussed about relationship between language and language narrator as
community.
This
paper using theory about relationship between language and society. The
research has search relationship between language and society through internet
acces and some books. In society’s life language function traditionally can be
said as means of verbal communication
used by the society to communicate. Chaer (2004:15) said that function that become a sociolinguistic problem is from
the speaker, listener, topic, code, and testament side. There are 3 factors in
sociolinguistic, they are social factor, social dimension, and explanation
factor.
.
TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE ……………………………………………………………… i
ABSTRAC
………………………………………………………………. ii
CHAPTER
I
Introduction ………………………………………………………. 1
1.
Background
of the study ……………………………..... 1
2.
Statements
of problem …………………………………. 1
CHAPTER
II
Relationship between language and society
…………………….. 2
CHAPTER
III
Closing …………………………………………………………….. 5
Suggestion …………………………………………………………. 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
……………………………………………………….. 6
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.
Background
of the study
We
are knew that language and society is unseparable two currency side. No people
without country and no country without people. However while the time is
running in a language can happened displacement. The matter was happened caused
influenced by everything as follow science and technology developments. So like
we knew that function of language in general as social communicative.
Language
is a vehicle to interact with other people. Thus every people of course should
own and use the social means of communication. There are no people without
country and no country without people. While the science and technology is
running, so language experience transition is very significant. Language really
could not apart from every people. This two case mutual interrelated, so did
with indonesian language raised from melayu language was charachteristic lingua
franca.
Sociolinguistics
is study the relationship between language and society (Holmes, 1992:1,
Kridalaksana, 2008:225). The sociolinguistics deals with explaining why we
speak differently in different social context and factor such as, class,
ethnicity, age, and sex. This study is concerned with the identifying the
social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning.
Sociolinguistics is also the study about dialects, languages in contact,
language and education, and language in use (Fromkin, 2011: 430). Chaer
(2004:2) explains that sociolinguistics is “the study about sociology and
linguistics. In vice versa, Wardhough states that sociolinguistics and the
sociology are different study.
“The
sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society with the goal of better understanding of the structure of
language and of how languages function in communication; the equivalent goal in
the sociology of language will be to discover how social structure can be
better understood through the study of language, e.g., how certain linguistics
features serve to characterize particular social arrangement” (1986:12).
2.
Statements of problem
·
Language
and speak
·
Community
·
Language
and level
·
Relationship
between language and society
CHAPTER II
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Language
is central to social interaction in every society, regardless of location and
time period. Language and social interaction have a reciprocal relationship:
language shapes social interactions and social interactions shape language.
Language is a tool for interact with other human. So
language can’t separated with human. Through language we can related and
interact with other human and created communicative in the community
Sociolinguistics
is the study of the connection between language and society and the way people
use language in different social situations. It asks the question, "How
does language affect the social nature of human beings, and how does social
interaction shape language?" It ranges greatly in depth and detail, from
the study of dialects across a given region to the analysis of the way men and
women speak to each other in certain situations.
The
basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and
ever-changing. As a result, language is not uniform or constant. Rather, it is
varied and inconsistent for both the individual user and within and among
groups of speakers who use the same language.
People
adjust the way they talk to their social situation. An individual, for
instance, will speak differently to a child than he or she will to their
college professor. This socio-situational variation is sometimes
called register and depends no only on the occasion and relationship
between the participants, but also on the participants’ region, ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, age, and gender.
One
way that sociolinguists study language is through dated written records. They
examine both hand-written and printed documents to identify how language and
society have interacted in the past. This is often referred to as historical
sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between changes in society and
changes in language over time. For example, historical sociolinguists have
studied the use and frequency of the pronoun thou in dated documents
and found that its replacement with the word you is correlated with
changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England.
Sociolinguists also commonly study dialect, which is the
regional, social, or ethnic variation of a language. For example, the primary
language in the United States is English. People who live in the South,
however, often vary in the way they speak and the words they use compared to people
who live in the Northwest, even though it is all the same language. There are
different dialects of English, depending on what region of the country you are
in.
Sociolinguists
study many other issues as well. For instance, they often examine the values
that hearers place on variations in language, the regulation of linguistic
behavior, language standardization, and educational and governmental policies
concerning language.
1. Discussion
In society’s life
language function traditionally can be said as
means of verbal communication used by the society to communicate. But
the language function is not merely a means of communication. Chaer (2004:15) said that function that become a sociolinguistic problem is from
the speaker, listener, topic, code, and testament side.
The means from the statement that the point is that language is
different if we see from different aspec as mentioned above. Explanation from
language function as follow :
1. Listener side
From
listener side, language function directive. Language is not just make listener
do something, but do anything conform what speaker want.
2. Speaker side
From speaker
side, language function personally or individually. It means that speaker
explain about his attitude to what he speak.
3. Topic side
From topic
side, language function reference. In this matter the language function as
instrument for explain about object or happening in the sorrounding speaker or
in the culture.
4. Code side
From code
side, language function metalingual or metalinguistic.It’s language used to
talk about language itself.
5. Message side
From the
speech side that’s give, language function imaginative. It’s the language can
be used to convey think, idea, and feeling.
In
verbal reportaire has society’s own, society language has different by three,
they are :
1.
Monolingual society
(One language)
2.
Bilingual society (Two
language)
3.
Multilingual society
(More than two language)
In
this part of the discussion, the writer will describe sociolinguistic factors,
the dialects, languages in contact, language and education, and language use
(Holmes, 1992; Fromkin, 2011).
1.
Sociolinguistic factors
a.
Social factors
The
social factors are including the users, participants, social settings and
functions. The users divide “who is talking to whom (e.g. wife-husband,
teacher-student). The setting and social context are also relevant such as, at
home, hospital and class. The function describes “why are they speaking” and
another factor is topic which describes “what are they talking about”.
b.
Social dimensions
The
relationship between the participants is one of the factors of the social
dimension. The factors like the social distance (intimate-high solidarity),
status scale (high-low status), the status, formality (formal-informal) and
functional scale (topic of interaction) are really influenced the
sociolinguistics.
c.
Explanation factors
This
factor is to identify clearly the linguistic variation such as, vocabulary,
sounds, grammatical construction, dialects, languages and the different social
which lead the speakers to use one form rather than another such as,
participant, setting or function of the interaction.
2.
Dialect
All
speakers can talk to each other and pretty much understand each other. Between
one and another do not speak alike. It can be influenced by age, sex, social
situation and where and when the language was learned. The language of an
individual speaker with its unique characteristics is referred to as the
speaker’s idiolect. When there are systematic differences in the way groups
speak a language, it says that each group speaks a dialect of that language.
Chambers (1980:5) noticed that dialect on the other hand, refers to varieties
which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well as phonologically
different from other varieties. The example when the two speakers are say I
done it last night and I did it last night, they are saying different dialects.
3.
Language in contact
Sometime
the user of language finds the speaker of language that speaks different
language. It can be seen clearly in some part of the world that the speaker of
bilingual communities, you may not have to travel very far at all to find the
language disconnect. To make the user understand about this situation, they
need a language that can communicate each other. In this part, lingua franca,
bilingualism, pidgin and creole, are the kinds of language in contact. The
details are explained below.
Lingua
Franca is the language that is used by common agreement of the people who speak
diverse language. English has been called lingua franca of the whole world.
Pidgin
and Creole
Pidgin
is a mixed language that arises in situations where speakers of different
languages are unable to understand each other’s native language and, therefore
need to develop a common means of communication (Bussman, 1998:905). Pidgin is
used to communicate among the people who have no common language (Todd,
1974:1). Creole is defined as a language has evolved in a contact situation to become
the native of generation of the speaker (Fromkin, 2011:458). It can be said
that creoles are the pidgin that has a native speaker.
Bilingualism
is the ability to speak two or more languages, either by an individual
speakers, individual bilingualism, or within a society, societal bilingualism.
The kind of bilingualism is code-switching which is described as the a speech
style unique to bilingual, in which fluent speakers switch languages between or
within sentences or in whole code.
4.
Language and Education
Second-Language
Teaching Method has two approaches: the synthetic approach (teaching
grammatical, lexical, phonological, and the functional units of language step
by step) and analytic approach (topics, texts or tasks) which has concern in
content based instruction.
5.
Language in Use
The
language in use can be described in style and jargon. Style is the various
languages that are used by the speaker in the situation dialects. Everybody has
at least formal and informal style. In an informal style, the rule of
constructing are used most often, the syntactic rules of negation and agreement
may be altered, and many words are used that do not occur in the formal style.
Jargon is the language that is used by the conceible science, profession,
trade, and occupation uses specific slang terms. The examples of linguistic
jargon for Introduction to Linguistics are phoneme, morpheme, lexicon, phrase
structure rules and so on.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
1.
Conclusion
Sociolinguistics
is the study of the relation between language and society. There are some
sociolinguistic factors such as, social factors, social dimensions, and
explanation factors. Every person has a unique way of speaking called as
idiolects, and dialects which are grammatically (and perhaps lexically) as well
as phonologically different from other varieties. The language in contact
consists of Lingua Franca, Bilingualism, Pidgin and Creol. The language
education can be seen in second-language teaching method. Language in use
includes styles and jargons.
2. Suggestion
Every person must be
related and talk using language well, respectful, wise, and have ethics in
speak, especially when are in the community. Speaker have to can adapting his
language when are in the something place. Both in formal circles and informal
circles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alwasilah,
A Chaedar. 1993. Pengantar Sosiologi Bahasa. Bandung: Angkasa.
Aslinda,Leni,
Syafyahya. 2010 . Pengantar Sosiolinguistik. Redika Aditama
Hendri.2011. Sosiolinguistik :
Masyarakat Bahasa. Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia LINGUISTIK SASTRA JURNALISTIK.http://anaksastra.blogspot.com. march 16th 2014, 20:14:05
Aziz. 2011. Materi
Sosiolinguistik: Masyarakat Bahasa..http://azizsatrasia.wordpress.com. march
17th 2014, 20:19:38
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